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x <- c(
    1.2, 1.5, 2.1, 2.5, 2.7, 2.2, 3.1, 4.5, 5.6, 5.5,
    5.3, 2.3, 7.1, 4.0, 6.9, 5.1, 8.0, 8.1, 7.9, 4.5, 
    9.7, 8.9, 1.1, 2.0, 5.4, 8.8, 5.6, 7.8, 3.5, 6.6
    )
y <- c(
    3.1, 2.6, 3.7, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 2.7, 8.1, 6.2, 6.8,
    6.4, 6.4, 4.3, 4.5, 5.4, 4.0, 4.5, 6.6, 5.9, 3.1,
    8.1, 5.6, 4.2, 3.0, 5.6, 9.0, 2.3, 5.5, 4.5, 7.6
    )

df <- data.frame(x, y)

b <- coef(lm(y ~ x))[1]
k <- coef(lm(y ~ x))[2]

df$yEst <- k * df$x + b

p <- list(x = 3.1, y = 2.7)
pEst <- subset(df, df$x == p$x & df$y == p$y)$yEst
pEst

op <- par()

par(family = 'Times')

plot(
    df$x, df$y, type = 'p', pch = 20, col = 'black', bty = 'n', xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', ann = FALSE, xlim = c(0, 11), ylim = c(0, 11)
)

arrows(0, 0, 11, 0, length = 0.15, angle = 10)
axis(side = 1, at = seq(0, 10, 1), tick = -0.015, pos = 0)
mtext('x', side = 1, line = -0.5, at = 11, cex = 1.1, font = 4)

arrows(0, 0, 0, 11, length = 0.15, angle = 10)
axis(side = 2, at = seq(0, 10, 1), tick = -0.015, pos = 0, las = 2)
mtext('y', side = 2, line = -0.5, at = 11, cex = 1.1, font = 4, las = 2)

lines(df$x, df$yEst, type = 'l', col = 'brown')
lines(p$x, pEst, type = 'p', pch = 20, col = 'brown')

arrows(0, p$y, p$x, p$y, code = 0, lty = 3)
arrows(p$x, 0, p$x, max(p$y, pEst), code = 0, lty = 3)

arrows(0, pEst, p$x, pEst, code = 0, lty = 3)

#mtext(expression(italic(x[i])), side = 1, line = -0.5, at = 6.6, cex = 1.2)
#mtext(expression(italic(y[i])), side = 2, line = -0.5, at = 7.6, cex = 1.2, las = 2)

par <- op

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Absolute running time: 0.55 sec, cpu time: 0.4 sec, memory peak: 35 Mb, absolute service time: 0.56 sec