improved version, Sql Server

Language: Layout:

CREATE TABLE Control
    ([UniqueId] int, [Meal] varchar(10), [VDate] datetime, [VeganOption] int);

INSERT INTO Control ([UniqueId], [Meal], [VDate], [VeganOption])
VALUES
('1', 'Breakfast',' 2018-08-01 00:00:00', 1),
('2', 'Lunch',' 2018-08-01 00:00:00', 1),
('3', 'Dinner',' 2018-08-01 00:00:00', 1),
('4', 'Breakfast',' 2018-08-02 00:00:00', 1),
('5', 'Lunch',' 2018-08-02 00:00:00', 0),
('6', 'Dinner',' 2018-08-02 00:00:00', 0),
('7', 'Breakfast',' 2018-08-03 00:00:00', 1),
('8', 'Lunch',' 2018-08-03 00:00:00', 1),
('9', 'Dinner',' 2018-08-03 00:00:00', 1),
('10', 'Breakfast',' 2018-08-04 00:00:00', 0),
('11', 'Lunch',' 2018-08-04 00:00:00', 1),
('12', 'Dinner',' 2018-08-04 00:00:00', 1)
;

select c.*,
       (case when veganoption = 1
             then row_number() over (partition by veganoption, seqnum - seqnum_v order by uniqueid)
             else 0
        end) as veganstreak
from (select c.*,
             row_number() over (partition by veganoption order by uniqueid) as seqnum_v,
             row_number() over (order by uniqueid) as seqnum
      from control  c
     ) c
     order by uniqueId

View schema
Execution time: 0,02 sec, rows selected: 12, rows affected: 12, absolute service time: 0,17 sec