tt, Sql Server - rextester

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CREATE TABLE Table1
    ([ID] int, [Category] varchar(1), [Date] datetime)
;
    
INSERT INTO Table1
    ([ID], [Category], [Date])
VALUES
    (1, 'A', '1990-03-02 00:00:00'),
    (1, 'A', '2013-03-05 00:00:00'),
    (1, 'C', '1979-04-03 00:00:00'),
    (2, 'D', '1970-04-03 00:00:00'),
    (2, 'D', '2016-05-06 00:00:00'),
    (3, 'E', '2016-08-08 00:00:00')
;

CREATE TABLE Table2
    ([ID] int, [Category] varchar(1), [Date] datetime)
;
    
INSERT INTO Table2
    ([ID], [Category], [Date])
VALUES
    (1, 'A', '1990-03-02 00:00:00'),
    (1, 'C', '1979-04-03 00:00:00'),
    (1, 'C', '1982-04-03 00:00:00'),
    (1, 'D', '1982-04-03 00:00:00'),
    (2, 'D', '2016-05-06 00:00:00')
;

SELECT ID, Category, MAX(Date) as mdate
FROM Table2
GROUP BY ID, Category;

WITH cte AS ( 
    SELECT ID, Category, MAX(Date) as mdate
    FROM Table2
    GROUP BY ID, Category    
)    
SELECT T1.*
FROM Table1 as T1
LEFT JOIN cte as T2
  ON T1.ID = T2.ID
 AND T1.Category = T2.Category
WHERE T1.Date > T2.mdate
   OR T2.mdate is NULL

View schema
Execution time: 0,03 sec, rows selected: 6, rows affected: 11, absolute service time: 0,19 sec