generate a thousand unique random numbers a thousan times, C++ (vc++)

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//Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.00.23506 for x86

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <ctime>

constexpr std::size_t N = 1000 ; // #unique random numbers
constexpr std::size_t NRUNS = 1000 ; // #runs
constexpr int  MINV = 1000 ; // min_value
constexpr int  MAXV = 9999 ; // max value

std::vector<int> make_population() // return vector with all numbers in [MINV,MAXV]
{
    std::vector<int> pop( MAXV-MINV + 1 ) ;
    std::iota( std::begin(pop), std::end(pop), MINV ) ;
    return pop ;
}

std::vector<int> generate() // generate N unique random integers in [MINV,MAXV]
{
    static std::vector<int> population = make_population() ;
    static std::mt19937 rng( std::random_device{}() ) ;

// return the first N numbers of the randomly shuffled vector
    std::shuffle( std::begin(population), std::end(population), rng ) ;
    return { std::begin(population), std::begin(population)+N } ;
}

int main()
{
    unsigned long r = 0 ;
    // time time taken to generate N randomn numbers NRUNS times
    const auto start = std::clock() ;

for( std::size_t run = 0 ; run < NRUNS ; ++run )
    {
        r += generate().front() ;
    }

const auto end = std::clock() ;
    std::cout << double(end-start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " seconds\n" ;
    
    return r > MAXV * NRUNS ;
}

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Compilation time: 2,18 sec, absolute running time: 0,76 sec, absolute service time: 2,95 sec